Want an unusual herp that is easy to keep? Try the axolotl. A native of Mexico, the axolotl is also known as the aquatic salamander, or the mole salamander. The axolotl is a neotenic amphibian whose scientific name is Ambystoma mexicanum. Neotinic amphibians are amphibians that do not undergo metamorphosis, under normal circumstances, from the larval to adult stages. The axolotl remains aquatic throughout its lifetime. This salamander never leaves the confines of water.

The Green Anole, also known as the American chameleon or red-throated anole, (scientific name Anolis carolinensis) is a lizard with plenty of personality and is a good beginner reptile for enthusiasts. These 5-to 8-inch long lizards, of which most length is the tail, range from North Carolina to Florida and as far west as central Texas. The anole is also native to warm, moist climates throughout North and South America, and various additional varieties of the anole are found on certain Caribbean islands.

In the 60’s and early 70’s turtles were the most popular reptile species kept by hobbyist. The red-eared slider, a native of the southern United States, was the most popular of all the turtles. Then infections with salmonella effectively shut down the pet trade. Even today the open sale of turtles 4 inches and under remains illegal in the US and Canada. It is believed that turtles 4 inches and under in size are the most likely to spread salmonella.

Bone is composed of a tough organic matrix that is greatly strengthened by deposits of calcium salts. The average compact bone contains approximately 30% matrix and 70% salts by weight. The crystalline salts are composed primarilly of calcium and phosphate.

The most common type of burns seen in captive reptiles are thermal and are usually attributed to an abnormally hot heat source, one from which the animal cannot escape. Captive reptiles should always be provided a basking spot, but the enclosure should be large enough that the reptile may retreat to cooler areas if and when the radiating heat becomes too intense. In the wild, thermal burns may be encountered when the reptile has survived a grass or forest fire.

Inflammation of the tissues in the mouth is defined as infectious stomatitis, more commonly known as mouth rot. The initiating cause may be stress or trauma, both of which lead to an infection of the oral cavity by opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. Common types of bacteria isolated from this area include Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Klebsiella, and Salmonella. In some cases, mycobacteria, and some species of fungi, or some viruses may also become involved.

Bite wounds most commonly occur in reptiles when live rodents are left in cages with a reptile that does not want to eat the rodent, regardless of the reason. The rodent will then often gnaw on the reptile. Rodents may also bite in self-defense when they are seized by a reptile in any manner that fails to induce immediate death. Wounds made in self-defense tend to involve the head, mouth and face of the snake.

Collectors of reptiles and amphibians need to replicate the natural environment of their pets as close as possible. Humidity is an essential ingredient in the creation of a natural setting. Humidity affects all aspects of life and may affect growth, reproduction and even the general health of any confined species.

Acceptance of water depends in part on the species in question. Turtles, snakes and many lizards will drink from bowls. Turtles and snakes sip, while lizards will lap. Anoles, chameleons and day geckos lap from droplets sprayed or dripped onto foliage.

Paul Krebaum developed a skunk spray remedy from common household items through his knowledge of chemistry. Routinely used in the treatment of pets, his recipe is as follows:

• 1 quart 3% hydrogen peroxide
• ¼ cup baking soda
• 1 teaspoon liquid soap (usually Dawn detergent is suggested)

Receptors in your nose are very sensitive to sulfur in a low oxidation state. These same receptors are not sensitive to sulfur in a high oxidation state.